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Involuntary eye movement or nystagmus

Involuntary eye movement or nystagmus

19 October 2023

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Nystagmus is an involuntary eye movement characterized by rhythmic, repetitive oscillations of one or both eyes. These oscillations can be horizontal, vertical or rotational, and may be more evident when a person looks to the side or tries to keep their gaze fixed on one point. Nystagmus can be congenital in nature (present from birth) or acquired due to certain medical conditions.

There are different types of nystagmus, and their classification can be based on the frequency, direction and circumstances in which eye movements occur. Some common types include:

- Congenital nystagmus: present from birth due to problems in the development of the visual system.

- Acquired nystagmus: can develop as a result of brain injuries, neurological problems, balance problems, or even consumption of certain medications.

- Optokinetic nystagmus: occurs in response to observing moving patterns, such as fast moving lines.

- Vestibular nystagmus: related to the vestibular system, which controls balance and orientation.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Symptoms of nystagmus can vary, but generally include oscillating eye movements, difficulty focusing or holding gaze, and possibly blurred vision. Diagnosing nystagmus involves a complete ophthalmologic examination and, in some cases, additional testing, such as magnetic resonance or vestibular testing, to identify the underlying cause.

Treatments and management

While there is no definitive cure for nystagmus, there are various practices to help people manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. These may include:

- Contact lenses and special glasses: Can help improve vision and reduce the impact of nystagmus on daily life.

- Vision therapy: Exercises designed to improve eye coordination and focusing ability.

- Medications: Some can help reduce the intensity of eye movements.

- Surgery: In select cases and under the guidance of a specialized ophthalmologist, surgical procedures may be considered to correct nystagmus.

Despite the challenges that nystagmus can present, many people have found creative ways to adapt and live fulfilling lives. Technology, emotional support and education are vital tools for those living with nystagmus, allowing them to overcome obstacles and pursue their goals.

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