Sleep apnea and glaucoma: what is the relationship between them?
30 March 2023
Sleep apnea is a common breathing disorder characterized by interrupted breathing during sleep. According to the National Sleep Foundation, approximately 22% of men and 17% of women suffer from sleep apnea.
Glaucoma, on the other hand, is an eye disease that affects approximately 3% of the world's population, and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Glaucoma occurs when intraocular pressure (IOP) rises and damages the optic nerve. As the disease progresses, it can lead to a gradual loss of peripheral vision, which can progress to blindness if left untreated.
Several studies have shown a link between sleep apnea and glaucoma. The lack of oxygen that occurs during sleep apnea can damage the optic nerve and increase IOP, which can lead to the development of glaucoma. According to a study published in the journal Sleep, patients with sleep apnea have a 10 times higher risk of developing glaucoma compared to people who do not have sleep apnea.
In addition, this condition can also affect sleep quality, which can lead to fatigue and daytime sleepiness. These symptoms can affect the patient's quality of life and, in some cases, interfere with compliance with glaucoma treatment, such as regular administration of drops or regular eye examinations.
Treatment of sleep apnea may include lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, smoking cessation, reduction of alcohol consumption and regular physical exercise. In addition, medical treatment of sleep apnea may include the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices or mandibular advancement devices.
It is important for patients with sleep apnea to undergo regular ophthalmologic examinations to detect any early signs of glaucoma, and to follow the treatment recommended by their physicians to control both conditions and prevent possible complications.