
Retinal diseases
18 May 2023
The retina is the lining at the back of the eye. This lining transmits light to the brain through the optic nerve and helps the brain identify what we see. In the center of the retina is the macula, where light is focused to make vision sharp and clear. Between the retina and the lens, at the front of the eye, is a space filled with vitreous fluid, which is clear and jelly-like in consistency.
Retinal diseases affect either of these structures. Since the retina and macula are integral to vision, disease in this part of the eye can temporarily or permanently impair vision. Therefore, any symptoms related to retinal disease should be evaluated by a retina specialist as soon as possible. Some retinal diseases can be detected during routine ophthalmologic examinations before symptoms become apparent. This is advantageous because it allows us the best possible opportunity to slow or stop the disease process.
Examples of conditions categorized as retinal diseases include:
- Macular degeneration
- Retinal tear or detachment
- Macular hole
- Diabetic retinopathy
Symptoms of retinal diseases include:
- Night blindness
- Flying flies in the visual field, especially sudden appearance of spots
- Darkening of central or peripheral vision
- Flashes of light
- Severe eye pain
- Sudden loss of vision
- Distortion of printed words when reading
- Distortion of central vision, such as wavy lines
- Extreme sensitivity to light
Retinal conditions can be severe and cause vision loss. In many cases, treatment is available to preserve vision and slow its progression. Treatment methods are developed depending on the type of retinal damage and the severity of the disease. In some cases, medication may be administered to promote visual function. Sometimes, as in the case of retinal detachment, minor surgery may be necessary.