Involuntary eye movements? What causes them?

31 October 2024

Nystagmus is an eye disorder that manifests itself through involuntary, rapid, and repetitive movements of the eyes. These movements can be horizontal, vertical, or rotary, and the speed and frequency can vary. Although often associated with visual problems, nystagmus itself is not a vision problem, but rather a symptom that can be caused by various neurological or genetic conditions. This condition has a significant impact on the way we perceive the world around us and, in some cases, can interfere with daily activities.

The two main types of nystagmus are:

• Congenital nystagmus: This occurs from birth or during early childhood. It is usually the result of hereditary conditions or abnormal developments in the visual system. People with congenital nystagmus often develop compensatory strategies to improve their vision.

• Acquired nystagmus: This develops later in life and can be the result of medical conditions such as neurological disorders, diseases affecting the inner ear, substance poisoning, or side effects of certain medications.

Involuntary eye movements are sometimes visible to others and can lead to residual symptoms that affect quality of life, such as:

• Difficulty focusing on an object
• Blurred or double vision
• Eye fatigue or discomfort when reading or concentrating
• Sensitivity to light

There are treatments for nystagmus that may include: vision therapy, specific exercises that can help improve fixation and eye control, glasses or prismatic lenses (these can help stabilize vision). There are also medications used in cases where nystagmus is due to an underlying medical condition. Treating that condition may improve or eliminate symptoms.

Understanding the causes and mechanisms of nystagmus is essential to properly address its effects and improve patients' visual and functional ability. It is always advisable to visit an ophthalmologist if this condition is suspected, as early diagnosis and proper treatment can make a difference in the lives of those dealing with this disorder.