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Have you heard about the vitrectomy procedure?

Have you heard about the vitrectomy procedure?

03 October 2024

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Vitrectomy is an ophthalmic surgical procedure performed to treat a variety of conditions affecting the back of the eye, specifically the vitreous cavity. This cavity is filled with a clear gel called the vitreous humor, which takes up about 80% of the volume of the eye and helps maintain its shape. During a vitrectomy, this vitreous gel is removed and, depending on the case, may be replaced with saline, gas, or silicone oil to maintain the shape of the eye.

When is a vitrectomy needed?

This procedure is usually indicated in cases where the vitreous humor has some opacity, bleeding, or tear that affects vision or when access to the retina is needed to correct problems. Some of the most common conditions treated with vitrectomy include:

1. Retinal detachment: This occurs when the retina separates from the underlying layer of tissue, which can cause vision loss. Vitrectomy allows the surgeon to reattach the retina back into place.

2. Vitreous hemorrhage: This problem occurs when blood leaks into the vitreous humor, which can happen in people with diabetic retinopathy or other vascular diseases.

3. Epiretinal membrane: Also known as macular pucker, this is a layer of tissue that forms over the retina, causing visual distortion and blurred vision.

4. Macular hole: This is a small hole that forms in the macula, the central part of the retina, responsible for detailed central vision.

5. Serious intraocular infections: Such as endophthalmitis, where treatment requires removal of the infected vitreous humor.

How is a vitrectomy performed?

The surgeon inserts small instruments through minimal incisions in the sclera (the white part of the eye) to remove the vitreous humor. Often, the surgeon uses a special surgical microscope to view the inside of the eye.

Once the vitreous has been removed, depending on the pathology, the surgeon may apply gas or silicone oil to help keep the retina in place. In the case of gas, it will be reabsorbed naturally over time, while silicone oil may need to be removed in a subsequent surgery.

Recovery after a vitrectomy

The recovery process varies depending on the type of vitrectomy and the condition treated. Usually, the patient will have to maintain a specific head position for several days, especially if a gas bubble was used in the eye. This is because the bubble helps keep the retina in place while it heals.

It is crucial to follow the ophthalmologist's instructions, including the use of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops, and to avoid activities that can increase pressure in the eye, such as lifting heavy objects.

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