How does environmental pollution affect the eyes?

28 August 2025

Environmental pollution is a problem that not only impacts the lungs or skin, but also directly affects our eyes. The air we breathe can be filled with dust particles, smoke, toxic gases, pollen, and chemical agents that, upon coming into contact with the ocular surface, cause discomfort and even long-term eye health issues.

Effects of Pollution on the Eyes

1. Irritation and redness: Pollutant particles settle on the eye’s surface, causing burning, itching, and redness.
2. Dry eyes: Poor air quality and constant exposure to smoke or dust reduce tear production or alter their composition, leading to dry eye syndrome.
3. Ocular allergies: Pollen combined with pollutants can trigger allergic reactions such as excessive tearing, itching, and swollen eyelids.
4. Increased risk of infections: Exposure to bacteria and harmful airborne particles can weaken the eye’s natural defenses, raising the likelihood of conjunctivitis or other infections.
5. Long-term damage: Studies show that prolonged exposure to highly polluted environments can accelerate ocular aging processes and contribute to chronic conditions such as cataracts or macular degeneration.

Who is More Vulnerable?

• People with dry eyes or contact lens users.

• Children and older adults.

• People living in large cities or near industrial areas.

Recommendations to Protect Eye Health

• Avoid prolonged exposure to polluted environments.

• Wear protective glasses on days with high pollution or dust.

• Maintain good eye lubrication with artificial tears prescribed by a specialist.

• Keep windows closed during peak pollution hours and ventilate at the right times.

• Consult an ophthalmologist if discomfort persists or worsens.