
Types of glaucoma
16 January 2025
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the world, affecting millions of people. This eye disease is characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve, which is essential for clear vision. Although increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor, glaucoma can develop even with normal IOP. Below, we will explore the main types of glaucoma and their particularities.
1. Open-angle glaucoma
This is the most common type. It develops gradually and painlessly, making it difficult to detect early. In open-angle glaucoma:
- The drainage of aqueous humor, the fluid inside the eye, becomes less efficient.
- Intraocular pressure slowly increases, damaging the optic nerve.
- Initial symptoms are barely noticeable but, over time, loss of peripheral visual field may be experienced.
2. Angle-closure glaucoma
This type occurs when the drainage of aqueous humor is suddenly blocked due to the angle between the iris and the cornea closing. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Symptoms include:
- Severe eye pain.
- Redness of the eye.
- Blurred vision or halos around lights.
- Nausea and vomiting.
3. Congenital glaucoma
It affects newborns and is the result of abnormal development of the eye's drainage system. Symptoms in infants include:
- Visibly large eyes.
- Excessive tearing.
- Sensitivity to light.
Early treatment is crucial to prevent vision loss.
4. Secondary glaucoma
This type is caused by another eye or systemic condition, such as inflammation (uveitis), trauma, long-term use of corticosteroids, or complications of diabetes. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.
Although there is no guaranteed way to prevent glaucoma, living a healthy lifestyle, having regular exams, and knowing your family history can help reduce your risk. Glaucoma is a silent, but manageable disease if caught early.
Consult your ophthalmologist to protect your vision and ensure a good quality of life.