
Types of conjunctivitis
21 September 2023
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. This eye condition can be caused by different factors, and the most common types are bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. Below, we will explain each of them and their distinctive characteristics.
1. Bacterial conjunctivitis:
It is caused by a bacterial infection and is one of the most common types of conjunctivitis. Typical symptoms include:
- Red and congested eyes
- Thick, yellow or green eye discharge
- Itching and burning eyes
- Foreign body sensation
- Scabs on the eyelashes, especially in the morning.
This form of conjunctivitis is usually highly contagious and spreads easily through personal contact and contact with contaminated objects. Treatment usually involves antibiotic drops prescribed by an ophthalmologist.
2. Viral conjunctivitis:
Also known as "pink" conjunctivitis, it is caused by a virus, typically the adenovirus. Characteristic symptoms include:
- Red and watery eyes
- Itching and burning eyes
- Sensation of sand or foreign body
- Redness of the eyelids
- May be associated with cold symptoms or fever
Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and spreads easily through personal contact and contact with contaminated surfaces. There is no specific antiviral treatment for this form of conjunctivitis, and it usually resolves on its own within a few days or weeks. Lubricating drops may help relieve symptoms.
3. Allergic conjunctivitis:
It is caused by an exaggerated response of the immune system to allergens, such as pollen, dust or animal dander. Typical symptoms include:
- Red and watery eyes
- Intense itching in the eyes
- Foreign body sensation
- May be associated with other allergic symptoms, such as sneezing and stuffy nose
This form of conjunctivitis is not contagious and is usually triggered by exposure to allergens. Treatment involves avoiding allergens whenever possible and using antihistamines or lubricating drops to relieve symptoms.