What is allergic conjunctivitis?

11 April 2024

Allergic conjunctivitis is a common condition that affects the eyes due to an allergic reaction to certain substances in the environment. This inflammatory condition affects the transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids, known as the conjunctiva. Although it is generally not serious, it can cause significant discomfort and affect the quality of life of those who suffer from it.

Causes

Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air or environment. These allergens can include pollen, animal hair, dust mites, mold, and certain airborne chemicals. When the eyes come into contact with these substances, the immune system releases histamines and other chemicals that trigger inflammation and the characteristic symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis.

Symptoms

Typical symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis can vary in severity and include:

• Intense itching in the eyes
• Eye redness
• Excessive tearing
• Burning or stinging sensation
• Eyelid swelling
• Light sensitivity
• Clear or watery discharge

It is important to note that these symptoms may be similar to other forms of conjunctivitis, such as viral or bacterial. Therefore, it is crucial to seek medical attention for accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.

Treatments

Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis focuses on relieving symptoms and reducing inflammation. Some common measures include:

• Avoid allergens: Identifying and avoiding triggering allergens can help prevent outbreaks of allergic conjunctivitis. This may involve limiting exposure to pollen, keeping the house clean to reduce the presence of dust mites, etc.

• Using artificial tears: Artificial tears can help relieve dryness and eye irritation caused by allergic conjunctivitis. These lubricating drops can provide temporary relief and help wash allergens from your eyes.

• Antihistamines or mast cell stabilizers: Antihistamines or mast cell stabilizers in the form of eye drops can help control the allergic response and reduce itching and redness of the eyes. These medications are usually available without a prescription, but it is important to consult a health professional before using them.

• Corticosteroids: In cases of severe or persistent allergic conjunctivitis, the use of corticosteroids in the form of eye drops may be required to reduce inflammation. However, these medications should be used with caution and under a doctor's supervision, as they may cause adverse side effects, such as increased eye pressure or cataracts.

In short, allergic conjunctivitis is a common eye condition caused by an allergic reaction to certain substances in the environment. Although it is usually not serious, it can cause significant discomfort. With proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most people can successfully manage symptoms and enjoy a better quality of life. However, it is important to consult an ophthalmologist for specific guidance on the appropriate treatment for each individual case.